Course introduces the student to the theory and practical application of physical therapy modalities. The physiologic effects, indications/ contraindications, and intervention parameters of patient care interventions such as heat, cold, ultrasound, electrotherapy, traction, compression, hydrotherapy, and massage are presented. Principles of effective documentation and data collection are discussed. Case study analysis requires the student to apply clinical decision-making supported by rationales to determine appropriate modality interventions.